Fundamentals of Nuclear Energy

A number of scientific discoveries regarding the nature of atoms and their characteristics were made over a relatively short period of time. These lead to the splitting of the atom and the realization that potentially large amounts of energy could be released in the fissioning of certain nuclides. Work on this was expedited in secret during the Second World War during which time the first nuclear reactors were built and the first atomic bombs exploded. Following the Second World War reactor development proceeded rapidly for the production of fissile plutonium and for the generation of electric power. As designs were refined, nuclear reactors tended to be built for specialized purposes such as for material research and isotope production, for propulsion of submarines and aircraft carriers and for electric power production. The discovery and development of nuclear radiation and energy was associated with well known historical figures many of whom won Nobel Prizes for their efforts. Over twenty Nobel Prizes were awarded in physics and chemistry for advancement in this field over a fifty year period indicating the significance of these achievements.